@Author：BY Runsen前言在前幾天，接到一個大學生的作業的爬蟲單子，要求采用scrapy爬取鏈傢官方網站新房的數據（3-5頁即可，太多可能被封禁ip），網址：https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/，將樓盤名稱、價格、平米數等（可以拓展）數據保存到一個json文件中。為瞭50塊錢，廢話不說就是開幹。雖說我不是計算機的，還是一個屌絲大三化工學生。分析網頁那麼今天教大傢用Scarpy爬取鏈傢網，爬取網頁如下：http://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/。點擊其中的一個來看看，https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/p_zjtfbkrhf/?fb_expo_id=303816048586158080新建項目新建項目和爬蟲文件這些太簡單，都是老套路， pass瞭。新建的項目如下。加請求頭第一步，傻逼都知道加請求頭。在setting.py加MY_USER_AGENTMY_USER_AGENT = [
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36",
]
然後去Middleware.py去搞一個RandomUserAgentMiddleware，這代碼找之前的scrapy爬蟲項目直接復制，簡單。
import random
class RandomUserAgentMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self, user_agents):
self.user_agents = user_agents
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# 從settings.py中導入MY_USER_AGENT
s = cls(user_agents=crawler.settings.get('MY_USER_AGENT'))
return s
def process_request(self, request, spider):
agent = random.choice(self.user_agents)
request.headers['User-Agent'] = agent
return None
去setting.py開啟上它。900記得， 老套路。DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'lianjia.middlewares.LianjiaDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
'lianjia.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 900,
}
OK，請求頭headers搞定，代碼都是復制的，3分鐘OK。搞定itemitem就是把爬取的信息儲存起來，爬取樓盤名稱、類型，位置，價格、平米數，代碼編寫需要兩分鐘。import scrapy
'''
目標：爬取鏈傢官方網站新房的數據（3-5頁即可，太多可能被封禁ip）
網址：https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/
要求：將樓盤名稱、價格、平米數等（可以拓展）數據保存到一個json文件中。
交付：整個project的壓縮包
'''
class LianjiaItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
"""樓盤名稱、類型，位置，價格、平米數"""
name = scrapy.Field()
type = scrapy.Field()
location = scrapy.Field()
price = scrapy.Field()
number = scrapy.Field()
首頁調試我們需要把詳情頁的url和建面面積匹配出來，scrapy shell https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan進入shell調試。在url的a標簽發現瞭class = “resblock-name”的div，下面就是小兒科的東西。沒有域名，直接follow快捷方式完事，可以自動拼接url。建面面積一樣，輕松解決。 在span標簽發現瞭class = “resblock-area”的div，重復下面的操作。詳情頁調試下面就是詳情頁瞭，scrapy shell https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/p_zjtfbkrhf/?fb_expo_id=303816048586158080下面把樓盤名稱搞出來，慢慢調試。樓盤類型，位置，價格這些，我不一一找瞭。就是耐心的通過scrapy shell 調試。這裡花費瞭有半個小時。最後，自己看代碼。import scrapy
from ..items import LianjiaItem
class SpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'spider'
allowed_domains = ['bj.fang.lianjia.com']
start_urls = ['http://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/']
def parse(self, response):
for i in range(1,22):
page_url = 'https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/pg{}'.format(i)
yield response.follow(page_url,callback =self.parse_page)
def parse_page(self,response):
urls = response.xpath("//div[@class='resblock-name']/a/@href").extract()
nums = response.xpath("//div[@class='resblock-area']/span/text()").extract()
print(urls)
print(nums)
for num,url in zip(nums,urls):
# 用的follow快捷方式，可以自動拼接url
yield response.follow(url=url, meta={'num':num},callback=self.parse_detail)
def parse_detail(self,response):
item = LianjiaItem()
item['name'] = response.xpath("//div[@class='title-wrap']//h2/text()").extract_first()
self.logger.info('正在爬取{}……'.format(item['name']))
item['type'] = response.xpath("//div[@class='tags-wrap']/span[@class='tag-item house-type-tag']/text()").extract_first()
item['location'] = response.xpath("//ul[@class='info-list']//span[@class='content']/text()").extract_first()
item['price'] = response.xpath("//div[@class='price']/span[@class='price-number']/text()").extract_first()
item['number'] = response.meta['num']
yield item
保存json要求保存json，直接 -o 省事，連Pipeline都不用寫。在setting中開啟Pipeline。ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'lianjia.pipelines.LianjiaPipeline': 300,
}
運行，開一個main.py，scrapy crawl spider -o spider.json'''
@Author： Runsen
@微信公眾號： 潤森筆記
@博客： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44510615
@Date： 2020/4/13
'''
import sys
import os
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
execute(['scrapy','crawl','spider','-o spider.json'])
運行時發現沒有中文，看瞭下我scrapy博客https://maoli.blog.csdn.net/article/details/89012106，加上setting配置FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'完成。FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
運行，ok一個小時多點，50塊到手。最後，我對不起顧客瞭，把代碼公開瞭，給老師發現那慘瞭。